> Sitemap

> Contact Us

> Mailing List

Appendix C: Selected Statistics of Female Employment in North America 1984-1996

Table C-1 Total Population (in thousands)
1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996
Canada
Total 25702 25942 26204 26550 26895 27379 27791 28120 28542 28941 29248 29558 29964
Male 12778 12890 13013 13180 13346 13581 13781 13939 14149 14344 14491 14616 14845
Female 12924 13052 13191 13370 13549 13798 14010 14181 14393 14597 14757 14942 15119
 
Mexicoa
Total 72275 73698 75150 76631 78141 79680 81250 83134 85063 87036 89055 91121 93125
Male 35704 36407 37124 37856 38601 39362 39894 40819 41766 42735 43726 44922 45911
Female 36571 37291 38026 38775 39539 40318 41356 42315 43297 44301 45329 46198 47214
 
United States
Total 235825 237924 240133 242289 244499 246819 248718 252138 255039 257800 260350 262755 265185
Male 114670 115730 116865 117961 119086 120277 121244 122951 124436 125812 127085 128314 129540
Female 121155 122194 123268 124328 125413 126542 127474 129197 130603 131988 133265 134441 135645

 


Table C-2 Labor Forceb
1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996
Participation Rate (%)
Canada
Total 65.3 65.8 66.3 66.7 67.2 67.5 67.3 66.7 65.9 65.5 65.3 64.8 64.9
Male 76.9 77.0 77.1 77.0 77.0 77.1 76.3 75.1 74.0 73.5 73.3 72.5 72.4
Female 54.0 55.1 55.8 56.7 57.7 58.3 58.7 58.5 58.0 57.9 57.6 57.4 57.6
 
Mexico
Total 52.7 53.8 54.9 55.8 56.7 57.2 57.6 57.8 58.7 59.4 59.5 59.6 59.6
Male 79.6 81.0 82.3 83.5 84.7 84.6 84.4 84.1 84.6 85.0 84.5 84.0 83.9
Female 27.8 28.9 29.9 30.9 31.7 32.6 33.3 34.0 34.9 35.8 36.4 37.0 37.4
 
United States
Total 64.4 64.8 65.3 65.6 65.9 66.5 66.5 66.2 66.4 66.3 66.6 66.6 66.8
Male 76.4 76.3 76.3 76.2 76.2 76.4 76.4 75.8 75.8 75.4 75.1 75.0 74.9
Female 53.6 54.5 55.3 56.0 56.6 57.4 57.5 57.4 57.8 57.9 58.8 58.9 59.3

 


 

Table C-3 Employmentb
1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996
Total Employment (in thousands)
Canada
Total 11402 11742 12095 12422 12819 13086 13165 12916 12842 13015 13292 13506 13676
Male 6615 6764 6933 7075 7247 7356 7320 7104 7031 7126 7290 7397 7479
Female 4787 4978 5162 5347 5572 5730 5845 5812 5811 5889 6002 6109 6197
 
Mexicoa
Total 21986 23187 24189 25253 26413 27456 28481 29479 30577 31583 32352 32673 34111
Male 15903 16697 17283 17931 18674 19311 19934 20511 21196 21782 22185 22183 22978
Female 6082 6490 6906 7322 7739 8145 8547 8968 9381 9801 10167 10491 11133
 
United States
Total 105005 107150 109597 112440 114968 117342 118793 117718 118492 120259 123060 124900 126708
Male 59091 59891 50892 62107 63273 64315 65104 64222 64440 65349 66450 67377 68207
Female 45915 47259 48706 50334 51696 53207 53689 53496 54052 54910 56610 57523 58501
 
Female Employment by Sector (% of total)c
Canada
Primary 3.1 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.8 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.6
Secondary 13.6 13.3 13.4 13.0 13.2 12.9 12.2 11.4 11.1 10.7 10.7 11.3 11.0
Tertiary 83.2 83.7 83.7 84.2 84.1 84.4 85.1 85.8 86.3 86.7 86.7 86.2 86.4
 
Mexico
Primary - - - - - - - 10.9 - 11.1 - 11.1 10.4
Secondary - - - - - - - 19.0 - 17.6 - 14.9 17.5
Tertiary - - - - - - - 70.2 - 71.2 - 74.0 71.8
 
United States
Primary 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.6 1.6 1.5
Secondary 16.4 15.8 15.3 15.1 15.1 14.8 14.3 13.9 13.5 12.8 12.8 12.7 12.7
Tertiary 82.1 82.7 83.3 83.5 83.5 83.8 84.4 84.8 85.2 86.0 85.6 85.7 85.8
 
Female Average Hours Workedd (hours per week)
Canada 32.2 32.2 32.4 32.3 32.7 33.2 33.1 32.5 31.9 32.2 32.5 32.4 32.5
Mexico - - - - - - - 36.6 - 36.2 - 36.1 36.7
United States 34.9 35.2 35.4 35.3 35.7 35.8 35.8 35.8 35.6 36.0 35.5 35.6 35.7
 
Female Job Tenure (years)e
Canada 5.8 5.8 5.7 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.9 6.1 6.4 6.7 6.8 6.9 7.1
Mexico - - - - - - - 6.2 - - - 6.7 -
United States - - - 5.5 - - - 5.9 - - - - 6.7
 
Female Part-time Employmentf (% of total)
Canada 27.7 28.2 27.7 27.2 27.4 26.7 26.8 28.0 28.2 28.8 28.6 25.0 28.9
Mexico - - - - - - - 36.8 - 37.2 - 40.3 38.8
United States 27.1 26.6 26.4 26.1 25.7 25.5 25.2 25.6 25.4 25.3 27.7 27.4 26.9

 


 

Table C-4 Female Unemploymentb
1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996
Total Female Unemployment (in thousands)
Canada 612 594 560 546 503 487 515 626 674 697 656 621 647
Mexico 233 247 253 259 264 281 298 302 315 320 425 572 487
United States 3794 3791 3707 3324 3046 3003 3140 3683 4090 3885 3629 3421 3356
Unemployment Rate (% of the labor force)
Male
Canada 11.2 10.4 9.4 8.6 7.4 7.3 8.1 10.9 12.1 11.8 10.8 9.8 9.9
Mexico 4.7 3.8 3.1 2.5 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.9 2.1 3.1 4.6 3.5
United States 7.4 7.0 6.9 6.2 5.5 5.2 5.6 7.0 7.8 7.1 6.2 5.6 5.4
Female
Canada 11.3 10.7 9.8 9.3 8.3 7.8 8.1 9.7 10.4 10.6 9.9 9.2 9.4
Mexico 3.8 3.7 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.2 3.1 4.0 5.2 4.1
United States 7.6 7.4 7.1 6.2 5.6 5.4 5.4 6.3 6.9 6.5 6.0 5.6 5.4
Female Average Duration of Unemploymentg (weeks)
Canada 19.8 19.6 18.7 18.5 16.8 16.5 16.0 18.6 20.8 22.8 23.5 22.6 22.8
Mexico - - - - - - - - - - - 9.1 9.0
United States 14.6 12.8 12.4 11.8 11.0 9.7 10.0 11.7 15.4 15.6 17.0 15.4 15.6
Reasons for Female Unemploymenth
Canada
Voluntary
(job leavers)
30.2 32.2 32.4 33.9 36.7 36.4 34.5 29.2 26.5 24.2 23.3 27.7 23.5
Involuntary
(job losers)
69.8 67.8 67.6 66.1 63.3 63.6 65.5 70.8 73.5 75.8 76.7 72.3 76.5
Mexico
Voluntary
(job leavers)
- - - - - - - - - - - 56.0 56.5
Involuntary
(job losers)
- - - - - - - - - - - 44.0 43.5
United States
Voluntary
(job leavers)
23.6 25.2 27.4 29.3 32.1 34.4 31.2 24.6 22.0 21.6 21.5 24.5 24.9
Involuntary
(job losers)
76.4 74.8 72.6 70.7 67.9 65.6 68.8 75.4 78.0 78.4 78.5 75.5 75.1
Job Experience of Female Unemployedi (% of total)
Canada
With
experience
94.0 94.7 94.9 95.3 95.9 96.3 96.8 96.2 95.2 94.4 94.5 93.4 91.9
Without
experience
6.0 5.3 5.1 4.7 4.1 3.7 3.2 3.8 4.8 5.6 5.5 6.6 8.1
Mexico
With
experience
- - - - - - - - - - - 81.0 78.0
Without
experience
- - - - - - - - - - - 19.0 22.0
United States
With
experience
84.6 85.4 85.2 84.8 85.6 88.4 88.1 88.7 88.3 88.2 91.0 91.1 90.9
Without
experience
15.4 14.6 14.8 15.2 14.4 11.6 11.9 11.3 11.7 11.8 9.0 8.9 9.1

 


 

Table C-5 Earningsj (national currency)
1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996
Canada (Canadian dollars annually)
Male 27593 28772 30122 31800 33576 35041 36850 38268 39598 39503 40717 40610 -
Female 18098 18723 19821 21034 21971 23120 24951 26897 28461 28530 28423 29700 -
Mexico (pesos weekly)
Male - - - - - - - 214.3 - 269.9 - 373.8 444.5
Female - - - - - - - 161.8 - 208.1 - 289.1 341.6
United States (U.S. dollars weekly)
Male 391 406 419 433 449 468 481 493 501 510 522 538 557
Female 265 277 290 303 315 328 346 366 380 393 399 406 418
Earnings Ratio Female/Male (%)
Canada 65.6 65.1 65.8 66.1 65.4 66.0 67.7 69.6 71.9 72.2 69.8 73.1 -
Mexico - - - - - - - 75.7 - 77.1 - 77.3 76.9
United States 67.8 68.1 69.3 69.9 70.3 70.2 71.8 74.1 75.4 76.8 76.5 75.5 75.0

Notes:
– = not available
a The data for Mexico from 1985 to 1989 and 1991 to 1994 was estimated based on the growth rate between 1984 and 1990 and between 1990 and 1995.
b The data for Mexico between 1985-1990 were interpolated using the survey year data. The data for the United States from 1994 to 1996 are not directly comparable with the previous years due to a revision of the questionnaire of the Current Population Survey in January of 1994. In 1996 the questionnaire of the Labor Force Survey in Canada was revised data presented are adjusted.
c The primary sector includes aagriculture, fishing, forestry and trapping; secondary sector includes mining, manufacturing, and construction; and the tertiary sector includes transportation, utilities, communications, trade,financial and social services.
d The data refer to actual hours worked, exclude persons who did not work.
e It refers to the tenure with the current employer or with the last.
f For Canada and Mexico the data refer to the hours worked in the principal occupation and exclude persons that did not work. For the United States the data refer to the hours usually worked and include persons who have more than one job.
g The data for the United States is for January 1978, January 1998 and February 1996.
h For the United States, the data exclude persons that return to the labor force. For Mexico and Canada it refers to persons with work experience and includes those who return to the labor force.
i The unemployed with work experience include the job leavers, job losers and those who return to the labor force.
j For Canada the data refer to full-time workers (includes wage and salaried and self-employed). For the United States, the data refer to full-time wage and salaried workers. For Mexico, data refer to full-time workers who recieved income.

Source:

Canada, Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey (LFS) and Survey of Consumer Finances (SCF); Mexico, STPS/INEGI, Encuesta Nacional de Empleo (ENE); United States, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey (CPS).


Copyright © 2004-2006 Commission for Labor Cooperation. Website design by Globescope, Inc.